In sacral S1-S2, the incidence of hip dislocation/subluxation and hip flexion contractures is:

In sacral S1-S2, the incidence of hip dislocation/subluxation and hip flexion contractures is:

• A. Low
• B. High
• C. Moderate
• D. Unknown

Answer: (A)

Lower sacral levels (S1–S2) in spina bifida tend to spare the hip girdle, so problems like hip dislocation or subluxation and hip flexion contractures are uncommon. The amount of motor impairment and muscle imbalance driving these hip deformities grows with higher lesion levels; when the lesion is higher, hip muscles are more likely to be paralyzed or unbalanced, increasing the risk of instability and contractures. In sacral S1–S2, preservation of hip muscles leads to a low incidence of these hip issues, making the best answer the option that denotes a low rate.

Lower sacral levels (S1–S2) in spina bifida tend to spare the hip girdle, so problems like hip dislocation or subluxation and hip flexion contractures are uncommon. The amount of motor impairment and muscle imbalance driving these hip deformities grows with higher lesion levels; when the lesion is higher, hip muscles are more likely to be paralyzed or unbalanced, increasing the risk of instability and contractures. In sacral S1–S2, preservation of hip muscles leads to a low incidence of these hip issues, making the best answer the option that denotes a low rate.